History, Lore, & Myths of Scarecrows

 Scarecrows. I hate them! Few things freak me out in this world, but these creepy abominations do.
Way before there were movies or tv shows made about them, their presence put me at unease. Truthfully, it shouldn't have. After all they were created as a protection to keep birds from eating crops. However, having grown up all, ancient Irish druid/pagan witch. In my mind, they represent poppets, and of course the wicker man. To me, they just aren't "right". Laugh all you wish, but I dare you to go into a field, or orchard at night, where one of these twisted effigies of a person hangs. Stay near it for a bit and then tell me it didn't, at the very least make you uncomfortable. Think about this darklings. "If scarecrows weren't so creepy, why are there so many movies, tv shows, books, and art dedicated to their darker side?"

So, where did these sinister scarecrows get their start minions. There are conflicting historical facts about the actual when, where, and how, scarecrows actually began. I'll explain what I do know about these unholy straw creatures. 

Some sources say they began around 2500 BCE in Greece, whilst others cite their existence prior to that in ancient Egypt. I'll begin with Egypt and continue with Greece, and also cover some interesting facts and lore from ancient Rome, Japan, and Europe.

The basis behind scarecrows is really quite simple. Birds, and even children would steal the farmers crops, the birds more-so than the urchins. The farmers couldn't logistically be guarding the crops 24/7, hence the concept of "scarecrows" ( to scare the crows) was born. In ancient Egypt there are two versions of this tale.  The shortest of these legends is that the ancient Egyptians placed old tunics over  reeds to resemble a human figure. They placed this "reed" human in their fields along the Nile river in order to frighten off any birds, or thieving little imps. The more elaborate version is that the farmers placed netting over the crops and used scarecrows to drive the birds into the nets. This allowed the farmers to not only save their crops, but they also trapped the birds in the netting, which the farmers would gather. Voila - birds for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Either or both of these methods could be true, but we will never know. 

The Greeks carved images of Priapus, the minor god of fertility and horticulture to scare the birds from the fields. Priapus was Aphrodite's son however, unlike his eternally beautiful mother was considered horribly ugly. In fact legend has it he was so ugly that whatever fields Priapus visited, birds avoided like the plague. So, being the crafty people that the Greeks were, they put two and two together. "Carved statues of Priapus equals no birds eating our crops." The interesting thing is, the statues of Priapus that still exist today, are not that of an ugly god. So my personal conclusion is, perhaps it's just enough to have some large human like figure "hanging around" as it were.

The Egyptians and Greeks were not the only ones to use scarecrows though. The Romans copied the idea of scarecrows, and  as the Romans occupied various regions, particularly Europe and Britain they introduced their scarecrows to the locals.

Cultures and countries needn't had been introduced to scarecrows via the Greeks and Romans however. If you think about it, it just seems like a natural idea to come up with to solve a very real problem these farmers faced.

A perfect example of this is the 8th century Japanese. How do we know this? Well my darklings, because the Kojiki exists. The Kojiki is the oldest surviving Japanese book from 712 CE, that features a scarecrow named Kuebiko. Kuebiko is a god of agriculture and wisdom. It is said Kuebiko had knowledge of everthing in the world, but could not walk. The Kakashis (what the Japanese refer to scarecrows as) were created based on Kuebiko. Kakashi means " something stinky". These Kakashi were dressed in old smelly rags, straw hats with bells. These effigies were set on fire . The "stinky" smoke and effigy of their god kept the birds away.

Our journey continues into Europe and Britain.
As I mentioned before the Romans introduced their form of scarecrow to what is now Northern Europe and England. (which also spread to Ireland). Britian in particular has a couple of very interesting legends. The British were a very superstitious lot, in particular their belief of a monstrous Boogeyman. It stands to reason then that if the Boogeyman is scary, then dressing up a straw man and sticking him in a field would scare the birds and the thieving little guttersnipes away. This second legend is more fact than legend. During the Middle Ages the black death aka the bubonic plague struck, killing between 30 and 60 percent of the worlds population. That included children. Children where used to frighten birds away from crops by striking stones together. No children, no noise. Hence, scarecrows were employed to take the place of the deceased children.

As the years, decades, and centuries rolled on, scarecrows were still in use all over the world believe it or not. Though in the 21st century other means to keep birds from crops are being utilized. You will find scarecrows in more rural areas, and in family gardens. Scarecrows by and large have morphed into a symbol of Autumn aka Fall. They can be seen decorating homes, businesses, even churches, and farms who have shops to sell their wares. Scarecrows aren't "scary" at all, and are mostly smiley, cute, plaid wearing straw effigies, that couldn't frighten a mouse. I suspect that this version of scarecrow came about thanks to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz books, but particularly the 1939 legendary movie The Wizard of Oz. 

 Well my pretties, I hope you enjoyed my little nuggets of knowledge. Perhaps, if you are so inclined, instead of putting up happy, sweet faced scarecrows this Autumn, you might venture instead to create a more historical, scary, straw stuffed, protector as a warning to unwelcome guests. If you do, I'd love for you share your pics or give a link.